Readings on the Power of the Nation-State Essay

World Society and the Nation-State by John W. Meyer, John Boli, George M. Thomas, and Francisco O. Ramirez * This essay begins by explaining that it is the world models of institutions and the purposes they serve—equality, socioeconomic progress, human development—are the foundations for the current nation-state order. These world models have become increasingly important in the post-war era as globalization has increased and intensified exponentially. * They then expand upon this point, explaining that traditionally, scholars believe that states are products of their own histories and internal forces. This essay asserts that this is inaccurate because in today’s era especially, there are many outside forces due to globalization that shape a nation state’s culture, institutions, and other features. * They argue that the main reasons for the emergence of world-society models have been out of wars, like World War II and the Cold War. These global conflicts may have pushed for the improvement of nationally organized progress and human development on the global scale. * Many scholars predict a failure of world-society, drawing upon evidence from the gross violations of world-cultural principles in Bosnia, the stagnant development in Africa, and the overall evasion of proper responsibility all over the globe. The Declining Authority of States by Susan Strange * Strange opens with the assertion that although they may not admit it, those in charge in capitalist nations are losing power and reputability. Politicians make empty promises and the people no longer believe them. It is exactly this type of discontent that brought down the Soviet Union and its satellite states. Political discontent by the public has risen globally and seems to be evident everywhere. * Strange also asserts that answers lie in the public opinion and everyday citizens of a country, not in the current political system. She says this because normal people use commonsense which seems to be more legitimate than the most common academic theories politicians base their notions upon. * Strange argues that after extensive study of the global political economy, she has come to the conclusion that we need to rethink some of the traditional concepts and assumptions that international relations are based upon. She presents four main assumptions that need to be revised: 1. The limits of politics as a  social activity. 2. The nature and sources of power within a society. 3. The necessity and contrasting invisibility of authority in a capitalist economy. 4. The anarchic nature of international society and rational conduct of states as the unitary actors in that society. * An interesting point Strange argues is that as governments try to gain more authority, they are squashing out ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples’ sovereignty. Some principle examples include the Basques of southwestern Europe, the Tibetans of China, the Scots of the United Kingdom, and the Aborigines of Australia.   Global Organized Crime by James H. Mittelman Mittelman explains that because of globalization, crime has completely evolved into a more complex and frightening concept. The new type of global crime involves crimes that didn’t even exist a few decades ago—computer crimes, money laundering, nuclear material theft, counterfeiting, stock market schemes, etc. Crime is also no longer localized, but taking place on a global scale. * Mittelman provides a chief example of this globalized crime using Chinese triads that have smuggled people illegally into the U.S. since the 1840’s. The corruption of the Chinese government and oppression of Chinese workers has caused this issue of illegal migration. * Mittelman also explains that global organized crime can be equated to transnational firms because they operate both above and below the state. Above the state, they operate using the manipulation of permeable borders and deregulation. Below the state, they operate by offering incentives to the marginalized populations who are struggling to cope with the effects of globalization. * He also describes the role of global crime in relation to the state. Traditionally, states are viewed as arbiters and mediators in interstate relations. However, this role is changing as crime has transcended borders and caused the cooperation of state governments to try and combat this trend. Mittelman also clarifies that although crime groups aren’t revolutionary or trying to take over the government, they are slowly changing the role of government and somewhat undermining its power.   Has Globalization Gone Too Far? By Dani Rodrik * Rodrik begins by asserting that globalization has dramatically increased the gap between the rich and the poor; the middle class is disappearing.  Because of this, tension between those in charge—the policymakers and market moguls—and those at the bottom—workers, environmentalists, etc.—has risen and become a major dividing factor. * This divide causes tension and a decrease in social stability. Rodrik highlights three main sources of tension. 1. Reduced barriers to trade and investment accentuate the imbalance between groups that can transcend international borders—capitalists, professionals, highly skilled workers—and those that can’t—unskilled workers. 2. Nations face major differences in terms of ideologies, politics, socioeconomics and this can cause conflicts within and between nations of opposing traditions. 3. Globalization has made it close to impossible for governing bodies to provide social insurance—a central function that has held societies together in the post-war period. * Rodrik then explains that in order to deal with these issues, policymakers must make difficult decisions in order to strike a balance between domestic cohesion and global interaction. Rodrik recognizes that this situation is usually viewed as a trade-off, however through maintaining a healthy balance between domestic needs and global progress, this can be achieved. Welfare Spending in an Era of Globalization: The North-South Divide by John Glenn * Glenn first recognizes that in less-industrialized states, welfare spending has decreased during the period of globalization due to the increased spending focused on structural development. On the other hand, highly industrialized nations have been the key agents in starting and maintaining globalization. * Glenn then examines two different hypotheses. The first states that nations are actively reconfiguring themselves in order to produce a business-nurturing environment. This competition state hypothesis claims that the globalization of the economy is putting the pressures on the states to make the business-conducive environment. The second hypothesis asserts that states make up for those who are most negatively affected by the economic progress and as a result of this, a decrease in social spending will not occur. * Glenn recognizes the overlap between these two hypotheses in that they both emphasize the importance of state investment in human capital in order to compete in the global economy of today. He also supports his findings with several tables  exhibiting different states’ growth of government expenditures, social spending trends, etc. in order for readers to visually see these trends that are occurring across the globe. World Culture and the Future of Schooling by David P. Baker and Gerald K. LeTendre * This article begins with the theory that education is, contrary to popular belief, a global undertaking. It defines the traditional, national vision of education as an institution for education and socialization of a country’s youth, preparing them to be successful adult citizens of their nation. The authors argue that this notion is inaccurate and is becoming more so every day. * The article asserts that global forces are shaping the evolution of schooling and education is growing more globally uniform due to the permeability of borders and educational values penetrating those borders and infiltrating educational systems within those borders. * The worldwide success of mass education is then examined. It is observed that all over the world, public schooling is educating the vast majority of youth and preparing them for a bright and educated future. In addition to this trend, traditional educational values have become widely accepted. These values can be education for the collective good, national government funding and interest in education, early education lasting through early adulthood as an effective tool in long-term impact, and statuses such as race, gender, religion and language should not deter an individual or group from accessing education.

The State Board of Nursing Agency Overview

I chose to review the State Board of Nursing for the state of Ohio at, www. nursingohio. gov. The mission of the Ohio Board of Nursing is to actively safeguard the health of the public through effective regulation of nursing care ( www. nursing. oho. gov; June 2013) The agency offers nurses the ability to renew licenses and certifications online, enroll into refresher courses, sign up for state conferences and review laws and rules of the State Board. The agency holds its standards and requirements to its nurses to the up most. While researching information I found that any actions that our field against board members are located on the site as well as any disciplinary actions that may take place. In January of 2013 I located 256 disciplinary actions from indefinite suspensions, to permanently revoked license, to hearing actions. Then 44 monitoring actions from urine drug requirements, lift of narcotic restrictions, and approved to accept employment actions. The agency supports the patients that each member comes in contact with. The State Board requires each member to practice nursing safeguards. Making sure that every nurse is familiar with laws and rules that affect his/or her practice. As well as providing trainings, assessments to keep every member up to date to prevent penalties. The State Board also provides a listing for education purposes for associate degree programs that are offered in many different cities in Ohio from Akron, Ohio to Cincinnati, Ohio. Each school is to meet the Boards requirements and allows a student to see if a college is conditional approved, fully approved or provisional approved by the state board. The site also assists with FAQ for continuing education and scholarship and loan opportunities for nurses in the state of Ohio. The Ohio State Board, is not only is available for nurses to review but also allows t the public to know there rights, as well as file complaints if need be. I think the fact that Board makes it know that they hold each of their members accountable to provided quality care shows that they are committed to make sure nurses maintain its high standards.

Ways

Mtunzini (Mm-tun-zee-nee) is a small coastal town that is situated almost exactly halfway along KwaZulu-Natal's coastline in South Africa approximately 140 km north of Durban. The name is an isiZulu word meaning place in the shade. After the breakup of the Zulu Kingdom after the Anglo-Zulu War, Sir Garnet Wolseley created 13 ‘kinglets' – with two strategically located as buffer zones between Port Natal and Zululand. One of these kinglets was John Dunn who used Mtunzini as his capital.Umlalazi Lagoon at dusk In 1948, 9 square kilometres of dune forests, lakes and lagoon at Mtunzini was proclaimed a nature reserve known as the Umlalazi Nature Reserve. This area falls under the protection of the Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife (previously known as Natal Parks Board). The Umlalazi Lagoon is a popular tourist attraction for watersports enthusiasts and fisherman alike. Recreational and commercial ski-boat boat fisherman also launch their boats in the lagoon and they then head for the In dianOcean via the mouth of the Umlalazi River. Mtunzini is a bird watchers paradise and is renowned as one of the few places where one of South Africa's rarest birds of prey, the Palm-nut Vulture, is found. These birds feed on the fruit of the Rafla Palm which produces its fruit once every twenty years before dying. Visitors can enjoy a walk through the lush vegetation at the Rafla Palm Monument, which features a raised boardwalk that meanders through to the magnificent palms.Mtunzini Beach Mtunzini boasts, among other attractions, pristine beaches, a 9 hole golf course at the Mtunzini Country Club, AA-Event and Guest House, numerous Bed-and-Breakfast establishments as well as a range of camping, caravanning and other self-contained holiday accommodations. Be warned, the beach is NOT protected by shark nets due to Mtunzini's proximity to a shark breeding ground populated by Zambezi Sharks as well as many others.

Private law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Private law - Essay Example union between Springer and the relatives made it possible for her to regain her health and continued to move together as a group in the waters (Henderson, 151-161). The issue raised in the story has raised the emotions of the readers. Luna the most loved whale dies in British Columbia waters. The orphaned whale had won the heart of many whale lovers around the world the globe. The appearance of the young killer whale at Nootka had attracted much attention from the media around the world. The whale enjoyed developing relationship with people and played with anything around it including the boats. The close relationship between the whale and the humans was, unfortunately, the cause of its death. The young Luna was killed had been killed by a boats propeller in 2006. Even though the occurrence saddened many people, a few individuals were relieved since the animal’s curious behavior had resulted in number problems that had not yet been resolved. Luna’s playfulness had destroyed many boats creating conflicts with the boat owners. The challenges were difficult to determine by fisheries officers (Henderson, 160-162). Groc was not success ful in avoiding emotional response. The writer tried to explain the issues that may have led to the whale being lonely. The writer continued to explain how the whale had struggled to develop a relationship with the human beings. It was desirable for the writer to produce an emotional response with an intention of keeping the reader on the track. The authors desire to look at the issues objectively and equitably were effectively achieved. She explains how the orphaned whale had developed friends and enemies in different measures. Despite the whale struggling to build a relationship with humans, she was killed by the same people that she used to play with. I totally agree that humans were responsible for the demise of the orphaned Luna, since the whale was discovered; it was always struggling to develop a relationship with persons, a

Chemistry and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chemistry and Society - Essay Example In the ancient time, spiraea and willow bark plant extract of which the active ingredient was salicylic acid had been used to ease pain, headaches and fevers. In the year 1763, Edward Stone isolated the active element of aspirin when he discovered salicylic acid. Charles Frederic Gerhardt who was a French chemist prepared the first acetylsalicylic acid in the year 1853. During Charles Frederic Gerhardt's work, on the property and synthesis of different acid anhydrides, Charles Frederic mixed acetyl chloride with a sodium salt (Edubillacom, 2015). After a vigorous reaction, the resulting melt was then solidified, and the compound obtained was named salicylic-acetic anhydride.In the year 1859, von Gilm obtained acetylsalicylic acid through the reaction of acetyl chloride and salicylic acid (Watson, 2011). In the year 1897, Bayer AG chemists produced a version of synthetically altered salicin. The product was derived from Filipendula ulmaria species which had a less digestive upset as c ompared to the pure salicylic acid. Bayer AG named the new drug Aspirin (May & Cotton, 2014). By the year 1899, the drug was sold around the world (SchröR, 2009). The drug became popularly known due to its effectiveness in the first half of the 20th century. Synthetic fabrics are from synthetic polymers which are created using polymerization of different chemical inputs. Polymerization refers to the process of combining various smaller molecules to form larger molecules.

HY 1110-08F-2, AMERICAN HISTORY I (HY1110-08F-2) Essay - 4

HY 1110-08F-2, AMERICAN HISTORY I (HY1110-08F-2) - Essay Example ty acres of land in Oneida, New York, in 1848, becoming the Oneida Perfectionists. The Oneida Community formally adopted communism as a way of life, with property and marriage partners being held in common. The major tenets propounded by Hayes were (1) The beginning of the Millennium in 70 AD (2) Complex Marriage, or pent gamy, by which every man was married to every woman (3) Mutual Criticism, as a form of collective correction (4) Stripiculture, or the regulation of sexual activity, through male continence, and committee supervision, leading to scientific reproduction. The community practiced Noyes’ vision of ‘Bible communism.’ In order to be self-sufficient, the Oneida Community engaged in several economic ventures, including construction, farming, sawmilling, silk production, manufacture of steel beaver traps and the production of silverware, and was very financially productive. Individual and group skills were nurtured and practically directed for communal g ood. The Oneidans succeeded in establishing a strong community, with a collective spirit, and proved by their example that it was possible to live a life based on adherence to rigid religious principle. However, its success, which extended for over thirty years, finally was overcome by the failure of the concept of ‘complex marriage.’ The community disbanded in 1881, transforming itself into the Oneida Community Limited, a joint stock company, known today simply as ‘Oneida

Explication of a poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Explication of a poem - Essay Example This is evident in the line â€Å"I’ve known rivers†. The line that says he â€Å"bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young† symbolizes that this struggle is as old as the civilization of Euphrates. River is not just the body of waters here but rather symbolic of the long and continuing struggle of the Negroes. Langston Hughes may have spoken about the river in the poem but this poem does not literally talked about the idyllic or the pastoral quietness of the river but rather the deep struggle that they have been. â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers" is actually a political statement of a Negro of his struggle often beset by discrimination and injustice that had gone too long that it already ran deep like the river. The depth of the river or their struggle is not only long in terms of history beginning from the ancient time but also the pain that it can caused them. The setting of the poem was also carefully chosen. Why Euphrates and Congo, the Nile and the pyramids above it suggesting that it is Egypt? Why not California or better yet the South region of America where discrimination and oppression was notorious? It is because these are old civilizations where the Negro came from, indicating that he is capable of greatness as the Nile and the pyramids if only not on the bondage that was imposed on him by the white man. So much so that when the river went down to New Orleans, it became muddy indicating that the Negro was free as the river until it reached New Orleans where he is enslaved. The setting of the poem is more than geography, it is a representation of the objects of Langston Hughes topic that he would like to talk about. The poem is spoken by an old soul who had â€Å"bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young† and that he knew â€Å"Ancient, dusky rivers†. He is not just a regularly old person but an ancient sage

Banquo and King Hamlet the friendly ghosts Essay

Banquo and King Hamlet the friendly ghosts - Essay Example In both Hamlet and Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the supernatural element of ghosts to build his plot by making it more dramatic, and to resolve the play’s central conflict. In Hamlet the ghost is first seen by Horatio who interprets its appearance as a warning to Denmark of an impending threat. When it appears again, Horatio confronts it but it vanishes without uttering a word. When Hamlet is informed of visitations by a ghost that looks like his father he vows to confront it. When the ghost reappears, Hamlet calls out asking what its purpose is but it only beckons him to follow which he does despite Horatio and Marcello’s efforts to stop him. It identifies itself as the spirit of Hamlet’s father: The ghost informs Hamlet that Claudius, who is his uncle and currently his stepfather, is the murderer. This infuriates hamlet significantly enough to desire for vengeance. However, the ghost reminds him to be gentle with his mother and leave her judgment to God. The ghost commands Hamlet to avenge his father’s death which Hamlet is at first unable to do prompting the ghost to appear to him again in his mother’s boudoir. The ghost reproaches Hamlet for not carrying out its orders about avenging his father’s murder stating, â€Å"Do not forget. This visitation, Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose† (3.4.101). Scared of the witches’ prophesy about one of Banquo’s sons becoming king, Macbeth sends killers to murder Banquo in the play Macbeth. The witches had prophesied to Banquo that, â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none† (1.3.67). Banquo is murdered but his ghost later appears while Macbeth is hosting a banquet and quietly sits next to him without uttering a word. The ghost’s face is drenched in blood and covered with cuts all over. It is a terrifying sight only visible to Macbeth. It is invisible to other people in the feast. It has been argued that the since the ghost was only visible to

Social Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Policy - Essay Example It has been playing a curial role in meeting the health demands of the population. There are several intersectoral initiatives that have been taken to address the issue of health care in the UK. This has been influenced by the changes taking place in the health environment in the world and in the continental Europe. The changes have been implemented at the national levels with a trickle down effect felt in the lower level. The UK government has considered health care to be one of its important factor in the development of the social and economic life of the people. Most of the initiatives which are taken at the n atonal level are implemented through the NHS which is then implemented at the local government level. One of the current initiatives that have been implemented in the UK is the individual budget which is to start working in 2009. Under this program individual will be given more autonomy in the management of the funds that they receive from the social care system. This has also been extended to the health care system where individual will be given autonomy to decide on how they are going to use their money. Most of those patients who have been receiving their medical care through the NHS under the social care system will not be given autonomy to decide on the most appropriate health care providers that they will be attending. (Buttler, 2004) This initiative is expected to give the users of the social health care more independence in management of their health care needs. Unlike in the paste where the have been receiving their health services through the NHS they will be able to access these services even from the private practitioners. (Holmes, 2007) Another current heath care initiative that is likely to have an impact on the social care system is the health screening for over 40s. Under this initiative, the government twill be screening those who are over 40 years fro health complications that they may be facing. This initiative is expected to counteract the spreading wave of lifestyle diseases that continued to threaten the life of the aging population. This is a national program that will be expected to identify vulnerability to the vascular disease that has continued to claim the lives of many people in the UK. It is expected that the initiative will help to prevent up to 9500 heath attacks and strokes which occur every years and this could lead to saving of more than 2,000 lives. In the UK, vascular diseases in collection including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and kidney diseases affects the lives of more than four million and leads to loss of more than 170,000 people every year. Vascular disease have also been shown to account for more than half of the mortality rate gap that exist between the rich and the poor as result of the gap in their lifestyles. Education There are several changes that have also taken place in the UK social care system as far as education is concerned. One of the problem that had been experienced in the education sector for along time had been the problem of inclusion education. The current move by the government to work for inclusive education in which children learn in the same class regardless of their disability has been seen as one of the most important way of helping all children access classroom. (Harwin, 2004) Another plan that took effect in 2003 saw the sending

In Which Ways and to What Extent Can GMO Products Harm Health Research Paper

In Which Ways and to What Extent Can GMO Products Harm Health - Research Paper Example On the other hand, researchers have reached a concession that there is more to genetically modified crops other than just the high productivity. In essence, these products have negative health impacts on human beings and this is something to worry about. In Japan, the consumption of wheat has increased right from the period after the Second World War and the country has failed to satisfy this demand. Therefore, the country relies on import of wheat from other nations. The concern for human health in Japan has seen the import of wheat from other countries being stopped as the controversy of genetically modified wheat becomes a reality. Evaluation of a wide range of materials reveals that genetically modified food products have both the good and bad sides of it. The website resource provides the true definition of genetically modified organism and their social economic impacts. Genetically modified organisms (GMO) refers to a wide range of plants and animals that are genetically manipu lated to provide desirable impact in productivity of Agricultural products. The motive of this scientific action is to provide the world with a better sustainable economic environment where every country can sustain its population. In many countries, this culture has helped the agricultural sector to experience a drastic shift in productivity. However, this resource also states in black and white about the negative impacts of this science that has intruded the natural agricultural style. Among the listed effects of this science is that the consumers of these food products will experience a lower nutrient level, antibiotic resistance, more cases of food allergy and poisoning. This is the impact that Japan anticipates as they continues to import wheat from other nations. In reality the resource provides an explanation for the possible reason why Japan declined import of wheat from other countries. The superiority of this resource lies in its deep coverage of the matters surrounding th e controversy of genetically modified products. Karimi (2013), a website updater, presents a rather biased GMO timeline and the historical development of this agricultural technology. The GMO matter started way back in 1935 and a slow and progressive development of the technology has made the topic a sensitive matter today. It provides a broad coverage of the legal aspect of the GMO since its first development and its acceptability in many countries today. Although the website appears to be subjective and over-scores on the negative impacts of the GMO in the society, it provides a ground to understand the proliferation of GMO culture in the world today (Greider, 26 Oct. 2003). This timeline coincides with the import culture of GMO in Japan since the time when the country’s demand for wheat increased. In Japan, the country import culture developed shortly after the Second World War (1945) and has continued to grow. This historical coverage points out to the possible period tha t Japan has suffered from the unlabeled GMO wheat until 2012 when the country became more conscious of the GMO products. The Public press channels have played a great role in asserting the public on the nature of this new technology and garnering public opinions on the matter. Strom (2013) wrote an investigative article to garner public opinions on their take on the proliferation the GMO technology and its impact on

Personal Financial Plan - Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Financial Plan - Part II - Essay Example Personal financial planning requires economics since economic variables like regulations, economic policies, and taxation has to be considered. In addition the use of credit is of prime importance in financial planning. This paper describes the role of economics and credit in personal financial planning. Classic economists assert that people know and understand what is in their best interest and they act and make decisions on this knowledge (Gitman, Joehnk, & Billingsley, 2010). For people to take advantage of this knowledge in their financial plan, they need to understand the most important aspects of economics like taxation, regulation, and markets among others. According to Gitman, Joehnk, and Billingsley (2010), federal tax forms the largest part of tax a citizen pays. Tax planning as an economic variable thus becomes an important part of personal financial planning. Credit refers to the trust that allows one person to avail resources to another person whereby an immediate reimbursement is not required (Edwards, 2004). The major advantages of credit are that it allows a person to acquire resources immediately and repay it comfortably within an extended period of time. The main disadvantage of credit is that the debtor will have to pay more than the amount he borrowed in the long run. Additionally, credit is reliant on the creditworthiness of the borrower; this makes it uncertain to receive. The government plays a major role in determine the economic stability of a nation. The government ensures stability and growth through guiding the pace of economic activity. The government also comes with policies relating to price stability, full employment, redistribution of income and the balance of payments stability (Edwards, 2004). The government also levies taxes and determines the amount of taxes the people will pay. These

Coming of Age Essay Example for Free

Coming of Age Essay Around the world there are many themes that we find over and over in many cultures and from many periods in time. One of the reoccurring themes that everyone goes through in the lifetime is the theme of coming of age. This occurs when a young person goes through the transition from childhood to adulthood and has life experiences that matures a person. We all have experienced a coming of age story by reading them in books, seeing them on TV or in movies, or maybe even personal experiences based on ones culture. It’s clear that coming of age is a crucial element of our self-representations and conceptions. Generally, all of living is a process of coming of age as seen in the novel, Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caulfield, who is sixteen-year-old boy with the mind of a ten year old. He thinks of innocence as important in the beginning of the novel. But later on in the book, Holden slowly grows to be an adult. For example, when Holden gets soaking wet by rain when he is watching his little sister ride the carousal he â€Å"felt so damn happy all of a sudden†(213). This symbolizes Holden entering adulthood because he realizes the happiness in life. He realizes that he is too big for the carousel and is happy that his sister is happy. Holden’s childish personality continued to wash away as he reached a stage of maturity. Over the course of the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is taken from a position of innocence, in which she believes that she is safe and that there aren’t many â€Å"bad people† in the world, to the position where she has witnessed some of the bad things that have happened but realizes that she is not entirely safe. That is tested at the end of the novel when Scout was attacked while walking home with her brother Jem. Similarities were show in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Hucks maturity begins to grow as he first starts to show emotions toward a runaway slave, and by the end of the novel, has grown up to the point where, when Jim, is captured, Huck decides to give up playing games after Tom is shot to ensure that he would get medical attention that he needed. In an episode of Malcolm in the Middle it revolved around Malcolm trying to help his classmate Dabney get into a paintball match despite the resistance of Dabneys overbearing mom. Once Dabney unleashes years of repressed aggression, his mom comes around to try to drag him off. Dabney reacts back by saying â€Å" I’m no longer your little boy anymore. I’m your little man† showing that Dabney has matured and stands up and says what he believes. In the movie Edward Scissorhands, Edward is taken in by a family who he depends on. The family teach him how to think for himself so that one day he can gain the independence that is necessary for him to go out on his own. Edward living off of the familys support and trying things for himself is a coming of age process in itself. When he starts acting out and making his own decisions he is transitioning into an independent mindset that eventually allowed him to make the choice of living alone and fend for himself. Roman Catholics believe that Confirmation â€Å".. completes the process of initiation into the community and it matures the soul for the work ahead.. During confirmation God the Holy Spirit comes upon the person, accompanied by God the Father and God the Son, just as he did at Pentecost. †(Acts 2:1–4) Those who have been confirmed are called â€Å"Soldiers of God†. This refers to their spiritual duty to fight evil, darkness, and Satan. In Nigeria, young girls known as Iriabo spend several weeks in â€Å"fattening rooms† being pampered and wearing copper coils around their legs to restrict movement as part of a ritual marking their official transition into womanhood. In Senegal, Bassari boys undergoing the Kore rite and are taken into a sacred forest where they experience a symbolic death and a return to infancy, a state of ritual purity from where they are reborn as mature members of the community. (Hipple) Ultimately, the coming of age experience is a very much so significant time in ones life. People have to continue to find themselves and explore who they are even after the coming of age experience. It has lasting effects on a person as it has an impact on our dreams and desires that we want to fit into our world.

Chinese Nationalism In The 19th And 20th Centuries History Essay

Chinese Nationalism In The 19th And 20th Centuries History Essay Chinese nationalism in the 19th and 20th centuries followed a very different suit than Japans Shà µwa evolution. Similar to Perrys significance in Edo in 1894, the First Anglo-Chinese War (1839-1842) was a significant introduction of Western moral realism and imperialist influence in China. To a larger extent than Japan, Chinas nationalisms were largely born of domestic adversity from influential Chinese figures. Sun Yat-sen once declared: In order to restore our national independence, we must first restore the Chinese nation. In order to restore the Chinese nation, we must drive the barbarian Manchus back to the Changbai Mountains. In order to get rid of the barbarians, we must first overthrow the present tyrannical, dictatorial, ugly, and corrupt Qing government. Fellow countrymen, a revolution is the only means to overthrow the Qing government! Known often as The Father of Nationalism, Sun played a huge part in securing Chinese national identity and overthrowing the reactionary cultural grip of the Quing dynasty. Co-founder of the KMT, Sun set the tone for Maos adoption of Chinese Marxism and the progression to Maoism. The main concern for the Kuomintang, were that its policies and figures inside the party were too varying; that unanimous decisions were a rarity. After the 1911 revolution, the official definition of Chinese was expanded to include non-Han ethnicities as part of a united Chinese nation although Michael Lynch seems to suggest this was due mainly to the realisation that a far too narrow definition of China and being Chinese would result in a loss of important Eastern territory, and that the Manchus were too immersed to be considered an outside group. By the end of the nineteenth century, dichotomies were already proliferating to explain how Chinese orthodoxy could be maintained while importing knowledge from abroad, such as Self sufficiency as essence, promote sincerity as function, defence as essence, war as function, rely on industry for essence, rely on commerce for function, and metaphysics  [1]  for essence, economics for function  [2]  . The best-known example of this is found in Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), the late Qing dynasty self-strengthening governor general of Hubei and Hunan, who advocated achieving state power through the construction of railroads, heavy industry and a foreign policy based on the balancing principle of use barbarians to control barbarians. His Exhortation to Study, written in 1898, is commonly identified with the ti-yong call to appropriate Western functional knowledge to preserve Chinese essence . As such language demonstrates, the discussion by the self-strengtheners of the Qing dynasty of local military, political and economic issues in terms of world order was already typical of what sociologists would call a globalistic mentality  [3]  . It is this mentality that made it possible for Kang Youweis fellow reformer, Liang Qichao, to import the Chinese term for nationalism from Japan, in articles he wrote between 1899 and 1901.  [4]   After the fall of the Qing, the claim to be able to use Western functional knowledge to preserve Chinese essence remained at the centre of the claim to legitimacy made by nationalist and communist elites. When president Yuan Shikai tried to make himself emperor during the early years of the Chinese Republic, he did so by reviving Confucianism as the state ideology. Sun Yatsen, the National Father, maintained a strong aversion to cosmopolitanism and a belief in the revival of Chinese tradition throughout his life. Chiang Kaishek continued this when he combined propagation of Suns nationalist orthodoxy of the Three Principles of the People with the Confucian morality of the New Life movement after the 1927 Northern Expedition left much of the former empire under Nationalist control. This ideological strategy even survived under the KMT in Taiwan, until the islands democratisation in the 1980s made it unsustainable. The state-centric nature of the fluid international situation described by the three worlds was developed further by the revival of the formula of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, namely: respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty; mutual non-aggression; mutual non-interference in internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence. This has a certain resonance in domestic politics because the Five Priniciples formula is attributed to Zhou Enlai, reinforcing continuity with the popular face of the CCPs past and making a ready counterpart to Zhous Four Modernisations. When Deng revived the slogan of seeking truth from facts during the leadership struggle in September 1978  [5]  he presented Maos theory of the three worlds as useful in domestic politics for distinguishing the correct attitude of maintaining the international conditions that enable the importation of foreign capital, technology and know-how, as opposed to the incorrect branding of economic relations with other countries as a kind of national betrayal  [6]  . Over the years that followed, references to both proletarian internationalism and the three worlds were to be eclipsed by the Five Principles, which came to encapsulate the sovereignty-centred nature of PRC foreign policy. The Communists, too, had to reconcile their Chinese identity with the promise of modernity offered by socialist internationalism. Mao Zedong is said to have achieved the sinification of Marxism. When he claimed leadership of the United Front in the conflict with Japan, he presented the CCP as the true inheritor of what he considered to be the essence of a splendid old culture that was created during the long period of Chinese history and which could be used selectively to develop the new national culture.  [7]  Not only did Mao advocate learning from socialist cultures, but also from capitalist countries in the Age of Enlightenment. Yet, at the same time, he warned, We should not gulp any of this foreign material down uncritically, but must treat it as we do our food-first chewing it, then submitting it to the working of the stomach and intestines with their juices and secretions, and separating it into nutriment to be absorbed and waste matter to be discarded-before it can nouri sh us  [8]   The dilemma of balancing the preservation of political orthodoxy with learning from abroad is even clearer under reform and opening. Chinas leaders since Mao have always been careful to balance the importation of investment and know-how from abroad with a call to build socialism with Chinese characteristics and socialist spiritual civilization, and to insist that the nation combats the tendency of worshipping things foreign, or fawning on foreigners.  [9]   To search for logical consistency in this discourse, however, is to overlook how such actors are not concerned with talking to philosophical circles. The issues they address are essentially political, in the sense that there is no possibility of a logical solution, only the hope of achieving some kind of social compromise. As Zhang Zhidong realised at the end of the Qing dynasty, it is humiliation at the hands of foreigners that provides the conditions under which the apparently incommensurable positions of dogmatic conservatives and radical reformers can be reconciled. Zhang did this by reducing Confucianism to a symbol of loyalty rather than a practical guide for living. In the same way, Chinas leaders under reform and opening have reduced socialism to a symbol of patriotic loyalty, while the technological and market orthodoxies of globalisation have been introduced as the guide for policy. The condition for achieving this, however, is to portray the nation as threatened and humili ated by a coalition of enemies within and abroad, from which only the CCP can promise deliverance. It is thus that the legacy of the impact of colonialism and civil war has made possible the discourse on nationalism and globalisation that is so central to Chinese politics at the start of the new millennium. As for upholding Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought, this does not refer to the ideas of the man who had engineered the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and internationalism. It meant remembering the leader who had allowed the Chinese people to stand up in 1949, the statesman who had formulated the strategy of differentiating the three worlds and personally ushered in a new stage in Sino-American and Sino-Japanese relations. These elements of Maos heritage were further elaborated when the orthodox version of the past appeared in the form of the Resolution on CCP History (1949-81), two years later. In this document, the essence of Mao Zedong thought was presented as the principles to seek truth from facts, the mass line, and independence. The first of these had already become a safer formula than thought emancipation, because it could be presented to mean that the answers to Chinas problems have to be found in Chinese experience and not in foreign teaching. The mass li ne, which had traditionally meant that the Party should canvass the opinions of the general population when developing its policies, was now presented as proof that the Party exists and fights for the interests of the people. Independence was taken to represent Maos belief that China must find its own path to modernity, rejecting any kind of interference in national sovereignty

Chemical Analysis of Water Supply

Chemical Analysis of Water Supply Introductions This EEI’s purposed is to identify and make justified conclusions to three unlabelled water supply that have been taken from different locations within the Kedron Brook area. Using several tests to find which water supply came from, measuring its pH, turbidity, conductivity and etc. There are other task such as systematic analysis (comparing and contrasting previous year student’s results) and how to make water drinkable. Water is a molecule with one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, bonded by shared electrons. Large differences in electronegativity lead the formation of permanent dipoles. This is what we call a polar molecule. In water its charged positively near the hydrogen atoms and negatively near the oxygen atom. Water molecules are naturally attracted and stick to each other because of this polarity, forming a hydrogen bond. The reason why water is called the â€Å"Universal solvent† is because it can dissolve more substances than any other chemical. This is due to its polarity of the water molecule. The two hydrogen atoms carry a positive electric charge, while the oxygen atom carries a negative electric charge. This helps the water separate the ionic compounds into their positive and negative ions. The positive portion of the compound is attracted to the oxygen ion while the negative side of the compound it attracted to the hydrogen ion. Principle The greater the forces of attraction the higher the boiling point or the greater the polarity the higher the boiling point. In the case of water, hydrogen bonding has a strong attraction. It takes a lot more kinetic energy in an increased temperature to break the hydrogen bonds to free the water molecules as the gas. This is why water has a boiling point of 212 °F (99.98 °C) it is from the result of its strong attraction. The pH (power of hydrogen) of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basic of the solution. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to beacidicand solutions with a pH greater than 7 arebasicoralkaline. Water has a pH of 7 this makes it neutral. As water has a pH of 7, it can be both an acid and a base but it can be determine what it is. It can be considered an acid in somereactionsand a base in others. Water can even react with itself to form acids and bases. When molecules are put into water, sometimes they break down and release an H+ (hydrogen) ion. At other times, it releases an OH-(hydroxide) ion. When a hydrogen ion is released, the solution becomes acidic. When a hydroxide ion is released, the solution becomes basic. Those two special ions determine whether it is an acid or a base. Sample of an acid Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) into (CH3COO– + H+) The hydrogen ion separates itself from the compound. Sample of a base Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) into (Na– + OH+) The hydroxide ion separates itself from the compound. Dissolved oxygen (O2) isoxygen dissolvedinto the water. Dissolved oxygen can get into water in two ways, through atmospheric oxygen mixing into a stream in turbulent areas or by the release of oxygen from aquatic plants during photosynthesis. The solubility of oxygen is affected by temperature and the partial pressure of the water. The chances of solubility of oxygen are much greater in cold waters than in warm waters. Oxygen slips into pockets that exist in the loose hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules without forcing them apart. The oxygen is then caged by water molecules, which weakly pin it in place. Dissolved oxygen is important to aquatic life as it is the means of breathing to them. Although it could be loss resulting to the loss of aquatic life from: Temperature Turbulence Vegetation Elevation Salinity Turbidity is a measure of the degree to which the water loses its transparency due to suspended solids (like dirt). The more total suspended solids in the water, the murkier it seems and the higher the turbidity. As there are suspended particles floating it absorbs the heat from the sunlight causing reduce dissolved oxygen, reducing aquatic life. Conductivity is a measure of how capable water can pass electrical flow. It is relates to the concentration of ions in the water. These conductive ions come from dissolved salts such as alkalis, chlorides, sulfides and carbonate compounds. Salt is important as it dissolves and bonds with the ions in water easily. For the electric current to flow through water, there must be a positive and negative pole. Such as the elements H2O and NaCl bond which create a positive and negative ion. The more ion that is represent the higher the conductivity such as sea water, and water with fewer ions has less conductivity such as pure water. Unlike temperature and dissolved oxygen, small amount of nitrates usually does not have a direct effect on aquatic insects or fish. Though, excess levels of nitrates in water can create conditions that make it difficult for aquatic insects or fish to survive. Nitrates and nitrites are good for agriculture as they contain atoms of nitrogen and oxygen for plants to produce amino acids, but not well for aquatic life. With water containing nitrates and nitrates, algae and other plants can grow faster, as the algae die and decompose; they deplete the water of dissolved oxygen resulting death to aquatic life. Precipitation is the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution. A precipitate is created by the reaction caused by two different solutions. A precipitate is formed is due to the solubility of the two solutions. The chemical reaction produces a solid when the two solutions, isn’t soluble also known as insoluble. Nitrate (NO3) Chlorate (ClO3) Perchlorate (ClO4) Acetate (C2H3O2) All nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, and acetates are soluble Chloride (Cl) Bromide (Br) Iodide (I) All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble, except those of silver, mercury(I), and lead(II) Sulfate (SO42-) All sulfates are soluble except those of mercury (I), lead(II), strontium and barium (calcium sulfate is only slightly soluble) Hydroxide (OH) Sulfide (S2-) All hydroxides and sulfides are insoluble except those of calcium and strontium are slightly soluble and barium hydroxide is moderately soluble Oxide (O2-) Carbonate (CO32-) Phosphate (PO43-) Oxalate (C2O42-) All oxides, carbonates, phosphates, and oxalates are insoluble Soluble and insoluble solutions This report also aims to explain how to make water drinkable by considering the standards of drinkable water. Drinking water does not need to be completely pure to be safe. This is because water is a good solvent. Drinkable water should contain no harmful concentrations of chemicals and bacteria; they can easily be recognised from its appearance, taste or colour. Such as saltwater, the reason why saltwater is undrinkable is because the water contains different kinds of salts and other minerals and having an overdose of saltwater in the body could cause serious danger.

Elie Weisel Night :: Essays Papers

Elie Weisel Night The advice the young polish prisoner gave seemed to be very sound advice. He told them that they needed to remember they were all in it together, and that they had to help each other out when they could. He also told them not to loss hope, they needed to have the faith to keep going everyday. This advice is good because as long as they still care for each other then when they are released they will still have their humanity. Also by helping each other they made the work easier for everyone. He tells a story of a young man and his father as they are leaving Buna for Gliewitz. The young man sees his father falling behind because he can’t keep up, but the son doesn’t stop to wait. Later that night the father asks Elie Wieselif he has seen his son, Elie Wiesel says no he has not before he remembers that he saw the man leave his dad behind. This shows that it was easy for people to start just considering themselves and ignoring everyone including, their loved ones. The advice certainly would not be easy to fallow. But it does seem like good advice and Elie Wiesel seemed to have fallowed it and it did help him. Elie worried about his father and helped him on the march, in return him and his father worked as a team. Elie’s dad would bring him extra rations when he could and when they worked together elie would try to help his father out with any work he could. The other part of the advice was that they keep their faith. This is helpful because if they gave up and lost faith then they would no longer have a reason to live. They needed to be able to believe that the war would end and they would be free. Elie started to lose his faith in god and he felt there was a

Female Genital Mutilation Essays -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Female Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision, is a destructive and invasive procedure involving the removal or alteration of female genital. The procedure is carried out at a variety of ages, ranging from shortly after birth to some time during the first pregnancy, but most commonly occurs between the ages of four and eight. There are three main types of FGC that are practiced: Type I (Sunna circumcision), Type II (Excision), and Type III (Infibulation). These three operation range in intensity, from the "mildness" of Type I, to the extreme Type III. The practice occurs in Africa, the Middle East, parts of Asia, and in immigrant communities in Europe and North America. An estimated 135 million of the world's girls and women have undergone genital mutilation, and two million girls a year are at risk - approximately 6,000 per day - about one every 15 seconds. (1) Although Female Genital Mutilation predates Islam and is not practiced by the majority of Muslims, it has acquired this religious dimension. However, FGM is a cross-cultural and cross-religious ritual. In Africa and the Middle East it is performed by Muslims, Coptic Christians, members of various indigenous groups, Protestants, and Catholics; to name a few. The type of mutilation practiced, the age at which it is carried out, and the way its done varies according to a variety of factors, including the woman or girl's ethnic group, what country they are living in, whether in a rural or urban area and their socio-economic background. The first and "mildest" type of FGM is called "sunna circumcision" or Type I. The term "Sunna" refers to tradition as taught by the prophet Muhammad. This specific procedure involves the... ...ted with a blunt penknife. After the operation, no one was allowed to aid me to walk. The stuff they put on my wound stank and was painful. These were terrible times for me. Each time I wanted to urinate, I was forced to stand upright. The urine would spread over the wound and would cause fresh pain all over again. Sometimes I had to force myself not to urinate for fear of the terrible pain. I was not given any anesthetic in the operation to reduce my pain, nor any antibiotics to fight against infection. Afterwards, I hemorrhaged and became anemic. This was attributed to witchcraft. I suffered for a long time from acute vaginal infections." Hannah Koroma, Sierra Leone (4) Internet Sources: 1) http://www.religioustolerance.org/fem_cirm.htm 2) http://www.fgmnetwork.org/intro/fgmintro.html 3) http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/femgen/fgm1.htm#a4

Affect of Unemployment in Economy Essay

Unemployment (or joblessness) occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.[2] According to International Labour Organization report, more than 197 million people globally are out of work or 6% of the world’s workforce were without a job in 2012. There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes, consequences and solutions for unemployment. Classical economics, New classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argue that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment. These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers. How does unemployment affect the economy? Some of the well-known effects of unemployment on the economy are: Unemployment financial costs The government and the nation suffer. In many countries the government has to pay the unemployed some benefits. The greater the number of the unemployed or the longer they are without work the more money the government has to shell out. Therefore, the nation not only has to deal with the lost income and decreased production but also with additional cost. Spending power The spending power of an unemployed person and his/her family decreases drastically and they would rather save than spend their money, which in turn affects the economy adversely. Reduced spending power of the employed Increased taxes and the insecurity about their own work may affect the spending power of the working people as well and they too may start to spend less than before thus affecting the economy and also the society in a negative manner. Recession With the increase rates of unemployment other economy factors are significantly affected, such as: the income per person, health costs, quality of health-care, standard of leaving and poverty. All these affect not just the economy but the entire systems and the society in general. Here are some aspects of the impact of unemployment on our society: The effect of unemployment on our society Unemployment affects not just the person himself but also his/her family and in the long run the society where he lives. Unemployment brings with it despair, unhappiness and anguish. It forces people to live their lives in a way they do not wish to – The life expectancy is negatively affected. Life expectancy is the ease by which people living in a time/place are able to satisfy their needs/wants. Here are the main aspects: 1. Mental health: Mental health problems like: Law self-confidence, feeling unworthy, depression and hopelessness. With the lost income and the frustration involved in it, the recently unemployed may develop negative attitudes toward common things in life and may feel that all sense of purpose is lost. Frequent emotions could be – low self-esteem, inadequateness and feeling dejected and hopeless. 2. Health diseases: The unemployment overall tension can increase dramatically general health issues of individuals. 3. Tension at home: Quarrels and arguments at home front which may lead to tension and increased numbers of divorces etc. 4. Political issues: Loss of trust in administration and the government which may lead to political instability 5. Tension over taxes rise: Unemployment also brings up discontent and frustration amongst the tax paying citizens. In order to meet the demands of the unemployment fund the government many a times may have to increase the taxes thus giving way to restlessness amongst the tax paying citizens. 6. Insecurity amongst employees: The prevailing unemployment and the plight of the unemployed people and their families may create fear and insecurity even in the currently employed people. 7. Crime and violence: Increase in the rate of crime. 8. Suicide cases: Increase in the rate of suicide attempts and actual suicides as well. 9. Social outing: Unemployment may bring a decrease in social outings and interactions with other people, including friends. 10. Stigma: Unemployment brings with more than just ‘no work’. It also brings with it the disgrace that the person has to bear. Nobody likes to be termed as unemployed. 11. Standard of leaving: In times of unemployment the competition for jobs and the negotiation power of the individual decreases and thus also the living standard of people with the salaries packages and income reduced. 12. Employment gaps: To further complicate the situation the longer the individual is out of job the more difficult it becomes to find one. Employers find employment gasps as a negative aspect. No one wants to hire a person who has been out of work for some time even when there’s no fault of the individual per say. 13. Lose of skills’ usage: The unemployed is not able to put his/her skills to use. And in a situation where it goes on for too long the person may have to lose some of his/her skills Benefits The primary benefit of unemployment is that people are available for hire, without being headhunted away from their existing employers. This permits new and old businesses to take on staff. Unemployment is argued[citation needed] to be â€Å"beneficial† to the people who are not unemployed in the sense that it averts inflation, which itself has damaging effects, by providing (in Marxian terms) a reserve army of labour, that keeps wages in check. However the direct connection between full local employment and local inflation has been disputed by some due to the recent increase in international trade that supplies low-priced goods even while local employment rates rise to full employment. Full employment cannot be achieved because workers would shirk if they were not threatened with the possibility of unemployment. The curve for the no-shirking condition (labeled NSC) goes to infinity at full employment as a result. The inflation-fighting benefits to the entire economy arising from a presumed optimum level of unemployment has been studied extensively. The Shapiro-Stiglitz model suggests that wages are not bid down sufficiently to ever reach 0% unemployment. This occurs because employers know that when wages decrease, workers will shirk and expend less effort. Employers avoid shirking by preventing wages from decreasing so low that workers give up and become unproductive. These higher wages perpetuate unemployment while the threat of unemployment reduces shirking. Before current levels of world trade were developed, unemployment was demonstrated to reduce inflation, following the Phillips curve, or to decelerate inflation, following the NAIRU/natural rate of unemployment theory, since it is relatively easy to seek a new job without losing one’s current one. And when more jobs are available for fewer workers (lower unemployment), it may allow workers to find the jobs that better fit their tastes, talents, and needs. As in the Marxian theory of unemployment, special interests may also benefit: some employers may expect that employees with no fear of losing their jobs will not work as hard, or will demand increased wages and benefit. According to this theory, unemployment may promote general labour productivity and profitability by increasing employers’ rationale for their monopsony-like power (and profits). Optimal unemployment has also been defended as an environmental tool to brake the constantly accelerated growth of the GDP to maintain levels sustainable in the context of resource constraints and environmental impacts. However the tool of denying jobs to willing workers seems a blunt instrument for conserving resources and the environment — it reduces the consumption of the unemployed across the board, and only in the short term. Full employment of the unemployed workforce, all focused toward the goal of developing more environmentally efficient methods for production and consumption might provide a more significant and lasting cumulative environmental benefit and reduced resource consumption . If so the future economy and workforce would benefit from the resultant structural increases in the sustainable level of GDP growth. Some critics of the â€Å"culture of work† such as anarchist Bob Black see employment as overemphasized culturally in modern countries. Such critics often propose quitting jobs when possible, working less, reassessing the cost of living to this end, creation of jobs which are â€Å"fun† as opposed to â€Å"work,† and creating cultural norms where work is seen as unhealthy.

Merton’s strain theory Essay

Merton used Durkheim’s concept of anomie to form his own theory, called Strain Theory. Merton argued that anomie is not created by dramatic social change, but rather by a social structure that holds the same goals to all its members without giving them equal means to achieve them. Merton stated that all members of a capitalist society have goals such as â€Å"wealth, status and personal happiness†, (Merton, 1938) and that the means available to achieve this success are unevenly distributed throughout society. Merton believes that this lack of integration between society goals and what society realistically permits causes the less dominant or lower class group to suffer ‘strain’ which results in alternate or illegitimate ways of achieving those goals. (Merton, 1938) Merton did not mean that everyone who was denied access to society’s goals became deviant. He presented five modes of adapting to strain. Conformity is the most common mode of adaptation. Individuals accept both the goals as well as the prescribed means for achieving those goals. Conformists will accept, though not always achieve, the goals of society and the means approved for achieving them. The people who make up this unit are mostly middle and upper-class individuals. The innovators are typically lower-class people who desire a high-class life and focus on achieving it. Their means of success would be ones such as robbery, embezzlement or other such criminal acts. Ritualism, the third adaptation, is made up of the people who abandon the goals they once believed to be within their reach and dedicate themselves to their current lifestyle; they play by the rules and have a daily safe routine. Retreatism is the adaptation of those who give up not only the goals but also the means. They often retreat into a world of alcoholism and drug addiction. The final adaptation is rebellion, which occurs when the cultural goals and the legitimate means are rejected and are substituted by the individuals own goals and means. (Merton, 1938) Shoplifting is defined as â€Å"the theft by a person of goods or merchandise exposed for sale.† (Denver Crime Definition, 2002) Accurate data on shoplifting is not widely available because it’s largely considered a ‘petty’ crime and its occurrence is not always reported to police. A study of the reported cases of shoplifting found that it occurs most at liquor  outlets, pharmacies and general stores. To a lesser extent reported shoplifting occurs at service stations, news agencies and restaurants. (A.I.C. no.221, 2002) The people at most risk of victimization are those who work at general stores, service stations, pharmacies and liquor outlets. (A.I.C. no.221, 2002) Shoplifting primarily affects the stores owner/s and employees as it hinders revenue, raises operational costs and creates inaccurate stock levels. Shoplifting also causes stress among co-workers which can lead to stressful working environments. (A.I.C. no.11, 2004) Shoplifting has a high involvement of both female and juvenile offenders and the majority of shoplifters are of low class or unemployed. (A.I.C.: Australian Crime Facts & Figures, 2004) People shoplift because they are unable to gain access to the institutional means to achieve the goals they desire – whether it is food to feed themselves or their families, or materialistic items to increase their status. This relates to shoplifting as the vast majority of cases as it is done predominantly by the lower class or unemployed population. This also explains why there is a lack of middle and high class participants in shoplifting, as they have greater access to legitimate means to achieve their goals. (Merton, 1938) Shoplifting is often done by the unemployed as an act of innovation, not retreatism, rebellion, or ritualism. The unemployed desire the achievement of cultural goals of society but have an illegitimate access to the institutional means. Conformity can be used to explain why the majority of people do not shoplift, people who conform iternalise both the cultural goals of society and the structural means for doing so. (Merton, 1938) There are a few areas that Merton’s strain theory fails to explain in relation to shoplifting. His theory does not explain shoplifting committed by people who have high financial status; these people are not conformists, nor are they innovators. However, Merton’s strain theory fits well with explaining the majority of shoplifting. He predicted that most criminals  fall into the innovator category, which does explain the majority of shoplifting cases.

Learing Doesnt Ocurin Classroom Essay

â€Å"It has been said: not all learning takes place in classroom. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from personal experience with knowledge gained from classroom instruction. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?Learning takes place not only in the classroom but also in our everyday lives. This is because to learn does not mean just to gain academic knowledge. Rather, learning refers to acquisition of any kind of knowledge that can give us instructions on how we should behave. Information that we get in the classroom is, without any doubt, useful and proven and it can broaden our mind. However, school years are relatively short in terms of a life span, and, therefore, there are a lot more things that can be attained outside classroom and that are equally or even more valuable. First of all, Personal experience is essential for obtaining indelible knowledge. For instance, in an early age of our lives we were thought how to speak, to say please and thank you, things that never depart from us. This is knowledge that was learned from where our learning experience derived from, home, where our basic knowledge begins. Second, the relationship among the people as well as friendship values is not taught by teachers in the classroom. Those relationships have known only by personal experience. Further, the young age people are not aware of love, these things you have to find out for yourself you can’t learn them from somebody else. Finally, some of the new technology and new things were discovered by personal experience and not classroom knowledge. For instance, today’s popular phone was discovered by Alexander Graham bell. It was discovered accidentally. Learning in the classroom although it has many benefits, all knowledge is not obtained from class because subjects are only taught by a teacher. But some lessons, which are pertaining to life, only will demonstrate by personal experiences. Every person should be learning more from real life than class room. I think real life is the best example for learning and obtaining knowledge. Once knowledge is gained by personal experience it is never loss.

FastFit Case Analysis Essay

1. 1. Mark the main flows of goods and money in the diagram (above) and employ a key or table of descriptive elements to explain your answer. 1. HQ contacts the supplier and tells them how much of each product the company needs. 2. The supplier sends the goods to the FastFit warehouse. 3. The warehouse notifies HQ about receiving the goods and how much of each product is in storage. 4. HQ tells the warehouse, which stores to send the products to, how much product each store needs and when the store needs the products. 5. The warehouse sends the proper amount of each good to the FastFit stores. 6. Customers come into the FastFit stores and pay money to purchase the products. 7. Store sells the customer the merchandise, receives money and personal information about the customer and sends the happy customer home with their purchase. 8. Store sends money and customer information to HQ. Store also sends information about what products have been successful and which products are not selling. 9. HQ tells suppliers which goods are going to be re-ordered. Also HQ pays for the goods that the supplier has supplied. 10. HQ tells store managers how to set up and run the FastFit stores to enable the highest level of success. 11. Supplier sends information about the goods that have been shipped to the warehouse and how much money is owed for the goods. 2. a) List the specific items of information that are usually gathered at the POS (Point of Sale terminal or cash register) and recorded when a customer checks out (excluding obtaining the identity of the customer which is covered in Q3)? b) What are three important uses of this information at the store by the store manager and by management at the headquarters– a total of six uses? (use a table) (It is important that you give different responses/uses for store manager and the HQ) Transactional Information – POS Transaction ID – Payment Type (credit/debit) – Date of Sale – Time of Sale – Amount Paid – Amount Due – Store Details (Name, Location, Branch) – Promotion/ Discount (if any) Product Information – Type of Product (Clothing/Accessory) – Product ID – Size of the Product – Product Brand – Price of the Product – Quantity of Product Staff Information – Which employee sold the product to the customer – Comparison on employee success Store Information – Sales Promotions Occurring – How long the product has been in the store – How many of the same products remain in store – How popular the product has been Use of Information by Store Managers: Information Elements Needed Description of the use – Which Employee sold the product to the customer – Quantity of items sold to the customer – Date and Time of the transaction – Total Amount of money the customer paid – Managers can see which employees have been selling the most. They can identify which employees have not been selling as much. They can provide incentives to encourage employees to get more sales – Type of Product – Product Brand – Quantity of Product – Size of Product – Managers can see which products are most popular in the store. Can implement new structures to display products in a desirable manner. Can tell employees which products to heavily advertise to customers. Can keep store stocked appropriately based on which items are most popular. – Amount Paid – Date of Sale – Time of Sale – Managers can see how much money the store is making on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. If sales are slow during certain periods, management might make a decision to lay off some employees. If sales are strong, management might need to hire more employees. Use of Information by Management at Headquarters: Information Elements Needed Description of Use – Size of Product – Product Brand -Type of Product – Quantity of Product sold – Sales Management can assess the information and understand which brands are popular in which store locations. Knowing the popular brands they can contact the suppliers to replenish goods, and try implementing similar brands to certain store locations. – Amount Paid – Time of sale – Date of sale – Store details – Payment Type Income Management can look at financial success in each store. If some stores are more successful than others, they can move store managers around to try implement the successful tactics everywhere. Can also implement certain payment techniques if a credit card brand is popular at a specific store – Promotions – Type of Product – Product Brand – Size of Product – Quantity of Product Marketing Management can see which products are the most popular in each store. Can create advertisements that are catered to each individual store location. Can create new store layouts to promote the popular items in store and draw customers in. 3. a) What are some ways to obtain the identity of the customer at the POS and to associate this â€Å"identity† with more detailed information about the customer? b) What business actions could FastFit then take based upon this additional information? Obtaining Customer Identity Associate this Identity with more detailed information Actions based on Information Gathered Have the customer sign up for a FastFit customer card Customer created personal ID that gives the store information on all the customers’ purchases. Store will know what items are desirable to the customer and when they make the most purchases. FastFit can use this information to give the customer promotions towards their favorite items in the form of coupons and promotional emails. Also the store can email customer more information about their favorite brands, and suggestions of similar products the customer might like. Credit Card Information The customer’s credit card gives personal information on where the customer lives and what purchases they have made in the store. The store can put up more focused advertisements in the locations where their customers live. Ask Customers to fill out a survey Survey will gain information about how customers feel about the store and FastFit’s products. They can see if customers feel like the store has issues, and what people feel needs to be addressed with the overall company. They can recognize certain issues and address them directly. These might include changing the overall store atmosphere or the quality of products inside. If customers like a certain aspect of the store, FastFit can emphasize this. Maybe try and have a more diversified product mix or different advertising routine. 4. Assume HQ is responsible (HQ issues orders to suppliers and determines what warehouse should deliver to stores) for replenishing inventory at the stores. a) What information (elements) are needed and how are these used to decide what (the warehouse) sends to each store? b) Where do the information elements come from? (use a table to combine the responses for a and b). c) List two reasons why we didn’t have each store decide what (replenishments) to order from the warehouse? Headquarters Responsibilities Information Elements Needed Source of Information Product Information: – Type of Product (Clothing/Accessory) – Product ID – Sizes of the Product – Product Brand – Price of each Individual Product – Quantity of Product needed Computer checkout system takes all of this information, as products are being purchased and returned in the store. Transaction Information: – Date of Sale – Time of Sale – Amount Paid – Amount Due – Types of Products being sold at the time Computer checkout system in store takes in this information about how much was spent at the store and at which times the most spending occurs. Also managers can see tell when the busiest times of the day, month and year are just by observing customer patterns in the store. Customer Information: – Ages of customers coming into the store – Which gender (male/female) shops most frequently at the store – Which products the customers are purchasing the most – Where does the customer base live – When do the customers purchase the most merchandise Customer database formed by customers that are part of the FastFit customer card club. The personal ID gives info about customers past purchases and their preferences toward certain products. Surveys customers filled out which explains age, gender and store and product preferences. Computer checkout system also records customer purchases to see what people like and how often they visit the store. Store Information: – Sales Promotions occurring – How long the product has been in the store – How many of the same product remain in store – How popular products have been Inventory tracking database in each store keeps track of which items have not been sold. Store management and employees keep track of trends and promotional deals going on within the stores. They can also visually observe which items have been around for longer, and which items have been selling out very quickly. c. Management at HQ controls the replenishments because they can oversee all operations across all of the stores. They have the power to make calculated decision about each store that would benefit the company as a whole. If each store were to replenish the products themselves, they would only replenish what is popular at each time. HQ ensures that each store is receiving the goods that will properly sell in the location that the store is in. HQ can analyze trends on a larger scale, and implement advertising strategies and product mix based on the data trends. If replenishing were left to the individual stores, sales and profit would be lost. 5. a) Draw a system diagram that shows the key information and product flows between FastFit (HQ and Warehouse) and a supplier, including the steps for ordering and invoicing and label each flow descriptively. This diagram will have three circles. b) Compare your drawing with the diagram showing the flows that occur when a customer buys something at a (physical) store and explain why the former is more complicated. 1. HQ decides what needs to go into stores and orders the products from suppliers 2. Supplier sends HQ a confirmation of the order and also sends an invoice for how much money is owed 3. Supplier sends the merchandise to the warehouse 4. HQ pays the supplier for the products 5. HQ contacts the warehouse and confirms that the products have been shipped and accounted for in the warehouse 6. The warehouse sends an invoice slip to HQ for holding the products and sending them out as necessary 7. HQ pays the warehouse the correct amount on invoice slip 1. Customer goes into store and selects an item/items to purchase 2. Store receives money from customer for the purchased product 3. Store records information and sends the info to HQ b. The diagram above shown in the first part of problem 5 is more sophisticated than the latter diagram because it involves many more transactions. HQ must go through a careful decision process even before  ordering the products from the supplier. After ordering the correct items, HQ must ensure that the merchandise reaches the warehouse, and then the store without any issues occurring in between. This entails that HQ pays the supplier and warehouse in time. HQ has to deal with all of the physical decision making as well as financial details of each transaction. HQ pulls each element together. 6. Assume that FastFit headquarters receives and pays invoices from suppliers. a) How do they decide whether (i.e. which information elements does the HQ use) to pay and how much to pay? b) From where do they get the information to make this decision? (use a table to combine responses to a and b). Headquarters Decision Making: Information Elements Needed Source of Information/ Decision Pricing Information: – Product ID – Amount of Products being bought – Price of each different product – Amount of products being bought each season. – Which products FastFit wants to sell and (in the future) which products the customers have shown interest in. Supplier would provide the price of each product. Decision: HQ and supplier would agree on a set price based on how much of the product FastFit would be purchasing. FastFit would want to choose and continue doing business with the supplier based on what the customers have shown interest in Warehouse Information: – Warehouse checks to see that complete order has arrived – Checks for quality of products – Checks to ensure that the correct order has arrives – Records the information about received inventory Warehouse would provide the information about the order. Decision: HQ would pay the warehouse when the information gets relayed that the order was complete and correct. Warehouse and HQ would decide on a set price beforehand for each transaction that the warehouse performs. Delivery Information: – Date and time products are needed by – How quick the delivery takes place – Location of stores from warehouse – Location Supplier would set a price for the delivery of products to the warehouse. Warehouse would set a price for the delivery of products to the stores. Decision: HQ would potentially try and negotiate the price for deliveries with the warehouse and supplier. If the delivery services proved to be reliable HQ would feel satisfied with the price and process. Supplier Information: – Where the supplier is located – Reliability of supplier – How quick the supplier can get the product to the warehouse Supplier provides information about their processes and how much they charge for the products. Decision: HQ would pay the supplier based on how much product they are ordering and if the suppliers asking price is reasonable.

The Allegory of the Cave

The Allegory of the Cave How does Plato’s allegory represents the activity of philosophy? 9/23/2010 HZT4Ua Diana MS. The Allegory of the Cave The Allegory of the Cave is a metaphor that can be seen to describe many aspects and situations in life that one had no control or choice over. The reason Plato uses many metaphors in his allegory is to think or ‘philosophize’ about the world around us because in fact our understanding of the world is very limited.This is due to the fact that we live in a world of shadows and not reality to whom very little is actually known about by everyone. The metaphors are seen to actually represent a society with all its people, truths, hidden meanings, problems, solutions etc†¦ The meanings transferred in the allegory of the cave apply to philosophy because it shows the philosophers position in society. It gives the philosopher the opportunity to philosophize/think about what exists/reality and what does not exist in our surround ing environment.To society, the allegory of the cave contemplates many issues related to man in his society. Such issues include human’s ability to be ignorant or knowledgeable, free or imprisoned, stubborn, lazy, active, etc†¦ by choosing either to or not to search for answers to many of the issues that arise continuously. Moreover, The Allegory of the Cave is about ignorance and learning because the men in the cave are ignorant or unaware of the outside world that exists except for the shadows that they saw passing by on the walls.The man who is freed engages in the process of learning from the moment he is released from the cave and is forced to adapt to the new conditions and situations that now surround him. In addition, the chains are used to symbolize the limited amount of information that a person has about reality. For whatever reason, this limited amount of information can be considered to be a type of ignorance.Last but not least, as humans in this world, many of us are really ignorant about many important issues that surround us in or everyday lives. We are unfamiliar of many things in life and are either unaware of it or simply choose not to bother with it. The world that many of us choose to live in is in fact very different from reality itself. However, many of us choose to live in such ignorance or denial when it comes to certain issues and this is due to many factors.

Leadership is a process of energy, not structure. in this Essay

Leadership is a process of energy, not structure. in this way,leadership is different from management- managers pursue stabilit - Essay Example This essay will look at the differences between leadership and management in terms of how a leader achieves his purpose and the responsibility of management. The phrase â€Å"Leadership is a process of energy, not structure, in this way, leadership is different from management- managers pursue stability while leadership is all about change† shows that the interest of a manager is maintaining processes and structures ensuring stability while a leader seeks to improve by initiating and driving change in an organisation (Boje, Burnes & Hassard, 2011, p38). In the current business and organisational environment, the decision making organs of an organisation have valued the leadership style to drive change in the organisation, which will ensure that the organisation is competitively placed in the market while still insisting on managerial qualities to ensure reliability in the organisation. One of the key differentiating factors between the leaders and managers is that while the ma nagers maintain the status quo, a leader is interested in developing the organisation to greater heights of success.When a manager is in charge of an organisation or a department within an organisation, his main responsibility is to ensure that that department has maintained the levels of performance that it has. (Mondy, Noe & Gowan, 2005, p68). For instance if a manager is in charge of the human resource department in an organisation, his main interest will be to ensure that the employees do not reduce their levels of productivity or their work ethics, he does this by following the laid down procedures processes and the norms and values that an organisation has. A leader who is in charge of the organisation or the department, his main purpose is to break the status quo in the organisation or department and ensure that it performs better than it was before he took the management position (Kouzes & Posner, 2007, p69). Take a leader for example, who takes control of the human resource department of an organisation, he will learn the operating ethics that the employees have, including the department’s culture norms and values, he will then purpose to learn the strength and weaknesses of the employees in the department. A leader will then analyse these and change the department’s culture if it was an inhibiting factor to good performance, he then will have aim at focussing on improving the performance of the employees based on their strengths and weaknesses and therefore improving the productivity of the human resource department, he is in charge of. While the main point of focus for managers is the systems and structures, a leader is more focused on the people (Wissman, Knippa & Roberts, 2008, p109). A manager’s point of focus is the structures and systems that govern an organisation, these include the set norms, values and code of conduct in the organisation, he then aims at improving these without leaving loopholes that may encourage laxity among the employees (Daudelin, 1994, p35). This in essence means that the employees follow a strict way in performance of their duty and to some extent, their flexibility is limited by the laid down procedures. A manager in a school setting for instance will insist on

Should professors be allowed to advocate their views on political or Essay

Should professors be allowed to advocate their views on political or social issues in the classroom - Essay Example This article would further give an overview about this topic and would clarify the position of professors educating their students rather then indoctrinating them. (Erin 2007) Indoctrination is a word commonly used by the critics of the professors. This word here means that the knowledge which is being given by the professors should not be one sided or unquestionable. It is unto the students to decide as to what knowledge is right and what is not. Thus the students are required to put forward their own views when the professors are teaching. However the criticism by different organizations about the professors has been counterattacked by the professors. These different organizations have urged the professors to bring in any other subject of study which is not relating to their course material. Anything which is related to the other course of study is not to be guide lined by the professor in the class. However the professors in response to his statement have said that every thing which is being stated in the class and is not in the course material has significant importance. And as in Michael Berube describes in his words that he teaches in his class on d ifferent subjects which are not even in mentioned in the course material. However he counters this action by telling that he can co-relate the topics on which he is teaching to the course materials.

Effects on Wealth in Lopburi Province Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Effects on Wealth in Lopburi Province - Essay Example Disparities occur when some areas experience rapid development and progress but some areas do not. Thus, the under-developed area has to experience a significantly lower standard of living. In recent years, there have been many international organizations and trading blocs that have become the main source of support and aid in the development of the economy. This paper is dedicated to research the effectiveness in the reduction of disparities in wealth that the operation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) organization provides to Thailand. This is a country where there are significant disparities between standards of living. The GINI coefficient index in 2009 showed that 42.6% of Thai people had a lower standard of living compared to 36% in the UK1. This interested me about what has been done to reduce this global issue. In order to find out how beneficial the scheme of the ASEAN Free Trade Area is, I chose to focus on the local scale of exports of agricultural products produced and traded in a local province of Thailand. I decided upon Lopburi, which is a province the central part of the country. I will begin by giving an overview of the principles of ASEAN and AFTA. Next, I will move to an analysis of the Thai economy. Finally, I will prove the benefits it provides to the farmers, especially those who live in Lopburi, by analyzing the statistical social and economic information on the reduction of disparities in income.

Global Healthcare Exchange Case Study Assignment

Global Healthcare Exchange Case Study - Assignment Example Secondly, the founders made it clear that their aim was not the registration of an Initial Public Offering (IPO). They had a commitment to increase â€Å"customer value†, which was about the improvement of services to customers, and not â€Å"market value†, which would have been about increasing profits for investors. On one hand, GHX founding companies are all buyers or sellers in the medical supplies industry. Therefore, to this extent, the figure is true. However, on the other hand, GHz is a separate entity with its own management, vision, and direction. This makes it a third party since it considers the collective interests of all the players in the medical supplies industry. GHX software capabilities for the primary benefit of suppliers before the merger with Medibuy included the GHX AllSourceâ„ ¢ Catalog. Suppliers maintained their catalogs, which in turn formed the database that buyers queried. Software for the benefit of the buyers included GHX Connectâ„ ¢ that allowed buyers to utilize their existing ERP systems to connect to GMX’s exchange platform. The GHX Advantageâ„ ¢ let buyers use an intermediary platform hosted by a GMX partner to access the exchange platform (Applegate 23). GMX developed an ERP, the GHX Axiomâ„ ¢, used by buyers with no ERP (Applegate 23). The software discussed above-handled connectivity. On the value-added services, there was the Report Source, which provided buyers with real-time information about their transaction on the Exchange platform. The second one was the GHX Content Intelligenceâ„ ¢ that identified any errors in the transaction process such as discrepancies in catalogs and alerted the parties involved (Applegate 23).

Church growth handouts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Church growth handouts - Assignment Example The learning goals aim to achieve a dedicated network of workers, a strong database of qualified resource people and organizations, implementation of training programs, aim to address obstacles to church growth and to research and experiment. The key strategies to achieve these goals include developing high functioning teams, imparting knowledge and developing practical skills, generating opportunities for worship and fellowship, knowledge and skills transfer, the sharing of resources, to be intentional about including the youth, equip bishoprics themselves to encourage the growth of their churches, and to manage resources responsibly. The purpose of the church is to create and develop all-rounded, Holy Spirit filled, and a productive Christian. The Church must be a place where believers share the Lords Supper, to proclaim the gospel of salvation through Jesus Christ, and care for those in need. The church has several roles to play in the society. The church provides the foundation and platform, a point of reference for fellowship. Through the church, the God’s family is devoted. A church is also a place where the Christians can sharpen and instruct each other as well as be kind and loving with each other. In addition, the church acts as a source of resources, organizer and

Historty argumentativ paper -see details in intruc Essay - 1

Historty argumentativ paper -see details in intruc - Essay Example The feminist movement had the greatest impact on American history because it fully brought to light the importance and fairness of gender equality in all aspects of the human life. Prior to the early 1900s, women were regarded as property of their husbands than as individual human beings. Anything that needed to be tended to in the social community or in the political community would be a task for the husband. If a woman were not married, she simply would not play a role in the goings-on, such as voting. Being considered below men, it was believed that women had no reason to vote. While most people were happy with this arrangement, or at least used to it, there were many women who could not wrap their minds around the blatant inequality, so protests began that fought for suffrage. The protests were not centered so much around the fact that women wanted to do what the men were able to do. Rather, these women were more concerned by the idea that they were being thought of as lesser human beings than men, and it was all because of their gender. America, a country that prided itself on the freedoms and opportunities that it offered, was holding back an entire gender and insisting that women were inferior to men and did not deserve the same privileges. The primary reason that women were ever given as to why they could not vote was because politics was considered to be a predominantly masculine business. As such, women had no place in voting, running for office, or having any say in politics. The feminist movement consisted of women who did not believe that the rights and privileges of citizens should be gender-oriented, and they used that belief to fight for something that they felt they honestly deserved. The feminist movement gave women the right to vote, a privilege of being American citizens that they deserved. This success was not simply just changing the minds of those in charge, but it was a success that included making it an amendment of the United States