Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey | Leadership

agitate supply and Oprah Winfrey LeadershipThis report presents a revaluation of lead theories in brief and the contrast and similarity mingled with honker furnish and Oprah Winfrey Leadership panache who be 2 of the tumesce kn give heap in the valet de chambre.The report begins with an introduction well-nigh the two well known faces, Opera Winfrey and pen nib furnish who are consider as the successful attractors in the world.The next segmentation would be the biography of Opera and Bill render in brief.The following section gives a brief review of drawing cardship theories which befuddle been applied in diametric constitutions during these years.Bill supply and Oprah Winfrey Leadership Qualities which are the important idea of this paper is discussed in the current section and the aim of this section is the better understanding of the importance of leadership quality in a successful business.The next section discuss the similarity and contrast between Bill G ates leadership quality and the leadership quality of Opera Winfrey in terms of leadership theories in generalIn the current section , my own opinion about Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership style would be explainedThe report conclusion is about heIntroductionWelcome to this report which was a glimpse of the Management and Leadership theories and how famous flock such as Opera Winfrey and Bill Gates applied them to achieve their success.It draws together a deviate of materials detailing approaches to leadership and leadership theories.The business leader to inspire population to r for each one great performance and success is a skill that leaders deprivation. Passion, purpose, listening and significance help make a leader inletal. The ability to communicate that passion, purpose and meaning to others helps establish the motivating culture of your organization. These points exit tell you how to enable inspiration and motivation in the people you lead. In the list of the worlds ranking mega-leaders, there are few women. This is undoubtedly not for any lack of talent or leadership ability among women, exclusively more likely be find the step between macrocosm a better leader and being a world-renowned mega-leader is quite large, and few women or men, for that matter have been able to pull together all(a) of the abilities and resources necessary to make it happen. In Oprah Winfreys case, however, mega-leadership was achievable, and she has not exactly achieved it but keeps increasing her leadership base. On the other hand Bill Gates is virtuoso of the well-nigh successful enterprisers of the world. He is able to run a successful and a paid entrepreneurship for many years and even today, we cannot survive in this competitive world without it. Vision and dedication are the key factors of being a successful entrepreneur and these skills were present in Bill Gates from the beginning.Bill GatesBill Gates was innate(p) on October 28, 1955 in a family having rich business, political and familiarity service approveground. Bill strongly believes in hard work. He believes that if you are sound and know how to apply your intelligence, you can achieve anything. From childhood Bill was ambitious, intelligent and competitive. These qualities helped him to attain top position in the profession he chose. In school, he had an excellent record in mathematics and science. Still he was get very bored in school. Bills parents came to know their sons intelligence and decided to enroll him in a private school, known for its intense academic environment. Bill Gates and his relay stations were very much interested in computer and formed Programmers Group in late 1968. In the next year, they got their first opportunity in instruction Sciences Inc, which they were selected as programmers. ISI (Information Sciences Inc.) agreed to give them royalties whe neer it made money from any of the groups program. As a result of the business deal signed with Information Sciences Inc., the group as well became a legal business.Bill Gates and his close friend Allen started new company of their own, Traf-O-Data. They developed a bitty computer to measure traffic flow. From this digest they earned around $20,000. The era of Traf-O-Data came to an end when Gates left the college. In 1973, he left home for Harvard University. He took the standard freshman courses with the exception of write up for one of Harvards toughest mathematics courses. He did well over there, but he couldnt find it interesting too. At the end of Bills first year, his best friend Allen, came close to him so that they could follow some(prenominal) of their ideas. That summer they got job in Honeywell. Allen kept on pushing Bill for opening a new software product company. Within a year, Bill Gates dropped out from Harvard. Then he formed Microsoft. Microsofts vision is A computer on every desk and Microsoft software on every computer. Bill is a visionary soulf ulness and works very hard to achieve his vision. ( Ravi Kumar Paluri)Oprah WinfreyBorn in Kosciusko, Mississippi, Oprah Winfrey was reared by her grandmother on a farm where she began her broadcasting career by learning to read aloud and perform recitation at the age of three. After suffering abuse and molestation, at the age of 13, she was sent to Nashville to live under her fathers strict discipline As strict as he was, says Oprah, he had some concerns about me reservation the best of my life, and would not accept anything less than what he thought was my best.Oprah Winfreys broadcasting career began at age 17, when she was hired by WVOL radio in Nashville, and two years later signed on with WTVF-TV in Nashville as a reporter/anchor. She attended Tennes obtain State University, where she majored in Speech Communications and execute Arts.In 1976, she moved to Baltimore to join WJZ-TV news as a co-anchor, and in 1978 discovered her talent for hosting talk shows when she became co -host of WJZ-TVs People Are gabbleing, while continuing to aid as anchor and news reporter.In January 1984, she came to Chicago to host WLS-TVs AM Chicago, a faltering local talk show. In less than a year, she morose AM Chicago into the hottest show in town. The format was soon expanded to one hour, and in September 1985 it was renamed The Oprah Winfrey Show.Seen nationally since September 8, 1986, The Oprah Winfrey Show became the number one talk show in national syndication in less than a year. In June 1987, in its first year of eligibility, The Oprah Winfrey Show taked three sidereal day Emmy Awards in the categories of Outstanding Host, Outstanding Talk/Service Program and Outstanding Direction. In June 1988, The Oprah Winfrey Show received its second consecutive Day period Emmy Award as Outstanding Talk/Service Program, and she her egotism received the International Radio and Television Societys Broadcaster of the Year Award. She was the youngest person and only the fifth woman ever to receive the honor in IRTSs 25-year history. Winfreys business and personal interests are wide ranging and she has managed to accomplish success in several areas. Apart from being a successful Talk show host she is in like manner a producer, successful actress, Founder of the successful O, the Oprah Magazine, co founder of Oxygen Media, and a generous Philanthropist. Her entrepreneurial spirit and rely to transmute society for the better have brought her and her numerous companies many awards and achievements.Oprah Winfrey was named one of the 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century by while magazine, and in 1998 received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. (Opera Winfrey)REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP THEORYA review of the leadership literature reveals a developing series of schools of thought from Great Man and Trait theories to Transformational leadership (see table).Later theories begin to consider the governmen t agency of chase and the related nature of leadership, whilst early theories tend to focus upon the characteristics and behaviors of successful leaders.Great ManTheoriesBased on the belief that leaders are exceptional people, born with inborn qualities, destined to lead. The use of the term man was intentional since until the latter part of the twentieth century leadership was thought of as a concept, which is principally male, military and Western. This led to the next school of Trait TheoriesTrait TheoriesThe lists of traits or qualities associated with leadership exist in plenty and continue to be produced. They draw on virtually all the adjectives in the dictionary which describe some positive or worthy human attribute, from ambition to zest for lifeBehavioristTheoriesThese stick out on what leaders actually do rather than on their qualities. Different patterns of behavior are observed and categorized as styles of leadership. This area has probably attracted most attention f rom practicing managersSituationalLeadershipThis approach sees leadership as particularised to the situation in which it is being exercised. For example, whilst some situations whitethorn require a domineering style, others may need a more participative approach. It also proposes that there may be differences in required leadership styles at different levels in the same organizationContingencyTheoryThis is an betterment of the situational viewpoint and focuses on identifying the situational variables which best predict the most appropriate or effective leadership style to fit the busy circumstancesTransactionalTheoryThis approach emphasizes the importance of the relationship between leader and followers, foc using on the mutual benefits derived from a form of contract through which the leader delivers such things as rewards or recognition in return for the commitment or loyalty of the followersTransformationalTheoryThe central concept here is change and the role of leadership in visualizing and implementing the transformation of organizational performanceBill Gates Leadership QualitiesBill Gates with her vision has a clear, vivid record of where to go, as well as a firm find on what success views like and how to achieve it. Jack Welch, former chairman and CEO of oecumenic Electric Co., said, Good business leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own the vision and relentlessly drive it to completion.Bill Gates communicates distinctly and passionately and this is one of the most powerful points of this manager.Bill Gates has the discipline to work toward his vision single-mindedly, as well as to direct his manner and those of the squad up toward the goal.Bill Gates leadership is participative style because he involves his subordinate in decision making. He is a flexible person and he recognized his role was to be visionary of the company. When ever needed he bring professional manager for managing and well structure of the organizat ion. Gates is a strong and energizing person his en and soiasm, hard working nature, sound judgment skills reflect his personality. His motivating power and involving his friends to working with him became the success of Microsoft.Integrity is the integration of outward actions and inner values (Bergmann, 1999). Bill Gates as a person of integrity is the same on the outside and on the inside. Such an individual can be trusted because he never veers from inner values, even when it might be expeditious to do so. Bill Gates has the trust of followers and therefore must display integrity.Dedication agency spending some(prenominal) time or dynamism is necessary to accomplish the task at hand (Bergmann, 1999). Bill Gates inspires dedication by example, doing whatever it takes to complete the next step toward the vision.Magnanimity room giving credit where it is due (Bergmann, 1999). Bill Gates as a leader ensures that credit for successes is bedcover as widely as possible throughout the company. Conversely, Bill Gates takes personal responsibility for failures. This sort of reverse magnanimity helps other people go through good about them and draws the team closer together.Leaders with humility recognize that they are no better or worse than other members of the team. Bill Gates is not self-effacing but rather tries to elevate everyone.. Mahatma Gandhi is a role model for Indian leaders, and he pursued a follower-centric leadership role.Openness means being able to listen to new ideas, even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. Bill Gates is able to suspend judgment while listening to others ideas, as well as accept new ways of doing things that someone else thought of. Openness builds mutual respect and trust between leaders and followers, and it also keeps the team well supplied with new ideas that can further its vision.Creativity is the most important leadership quality of Bill Gates. Bill gates develop computer language new Altair 8080 pc which became the foundation of Microsoft. Bill continuously develops two other computer languages. When IBM develops their first pc and which need operating(a) system to run the computer, Microsoft develops MS-DOS for IBM. Gates adopting the changes very fast that are his enthusiasm vision and hard working give him the success. Gates always recognized him as a visionary he always recognize professional management, he decentralize authority to make organization structure better.Fairness means dealings with others consistently and justly. Bill gates check all the facts and hear everyone out before passing judgment. He avoids leaping to conclusions based on incomplete evidence. When people feel they that are being treated fairly, they reward a leader with loyalty and dedication.Bill gates know how to use humor to energize followers. biliousness is a form of power that provides some control over the work environment.One of the most important quality of Bill gates is that he is and sup portive. Bill gates always take the whang for a loss, turnover, miss executed play, etc. If the problem wasnt his fault, he wont blame anyone else he either blames himself, or dont say anything.Bill gates also know how to take charge. When the rest of the team seems confused, he will take control and guide the rest of the members. Bill gates know how to stay calm under pressure. While normal people may crack or feel flustered, he knows how to guide his team to victory and stay cool.He also has confidence in his team members, he has a good communication and, to let his team mates improve themselves. If a mistake is through, he will accept the mistake and take that mistake to improve the team.Oprah Winfrey Leadership QualitiesOprah Winfrey has an exemplary character. One of the important points for leaders is true(predicate) to lead others whish she has it.She is enthusiastic about her work or cause and also about her role as leader (Blackler, 2003). It is a fact that people will re spond more openly to a person like Oprah Winfrey that has passion and dedication. She has the ability to be able to be a source of inspiration, and be a motivator towards the required action or cause. Although, if we have a similarity between the responsibilities and positions of Oprah Winfrey and Bill Gates we can find many differences, she need to be seen to be part of the team working towards the goal same as Bill Gates.Result of researches shows that in order to lead and set pleader a leader needs to appear confident as a person and in the leadership role and she is confident. She has the ability to function in an spruce and purposeful manner in situations of uncertainty.She is tolerant of ambiguity and remains calm, composed and steadfast to the main purpose (Blackler, 2003). Oprah Winfrey as well as keeping the main goal in focus is able to think analytically. Not only does a good leader view a situation as a whole, but is able to break it down into sub parts for closer ins pection.She stand up for what is right, even in the face of popular disagreement. She also accepts blame when at fault. The most amazing thing is she has an inward desire that motivates her to excel she also has the willing to act without orders and to offer well-considered recommendations for the improvement of the command. She is accountable, and that quality forms the cornerstone of leadership. She makes decisions, good or bad, and accepts the responsibility and consequences for those decisions.Compare between Leadership qualities of Gates and WinfreyOprah Winfrey as a leader is more assertive and persuasive, has a stronger need to get things done and is more willing to take risks than Bill Gates. He remains stymied in the same occupational title and pay level for many years. He choke too valuable in his positions in Microsoft .Bill Gates does not have any more strong will to make risk and put his self in sober situation. Oprah Winfrey was also found to be more empathetic and f lexible, as well as stronger in interpersonal skills that bring the special ability for her to read situations accurately and take information in from all sides same as Bill Gates.Both of them as two of biggest leaders in the world are able to bring others around to their point of view, so that the people they are leading feel more understood, supported and valued.When we have a comparison between these two we can find that both of them have the ability to attract peoples attention and the great ability to digest input of the entire people of the world. Beside of that, they have Keeping people involved on the task at hand and understanding when to push and when not to.Leadership comes in many styles, shapes, and forms. or so people are leaders because they lead by example to better a group of people, and others are leaders because people learn from their decisions and business ideas.As a leader, Bill Gates believed that his managers should have their own personal authority. Indeed, each manager was expected to act like his own little CEO in his own modest right. He desired his managers to be responsible for his own influence on the stream of things and the tides of change. From here, we could tell them Gates also show some form of participative leadership, whereby Gates demand his managers to be creative and able to solve complex problems, and improving their quality. I personally prefer this style of leadership that Gates uses as it seems to be in the middle between not being engaged and over controlling, allowing the organization to be able to innovate and grow.Oprah Winfrey, communicate distinctly and honestly to their followers, she use a combination of their personality, beliefs and capabilities to lead.Motivating followers to support and implement her ideas through change is an important part of the way that she uses to influence the peoples of different societies. She wishes inspire trust and confidence in her followers and with strategic thinking and trust building, support and empower her followers to be a catalyst for change. closingAs a conclusion, after a review of leadership theories in brief and the contrast and similarity between Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership style who are two of the well known people in the world we can find that there is not one standard, correct style for all leaders in all circumstances at all times and any group or individual behaves differently from each other. Each leader has to find differences and adapt according to the situation but at all they use same ideas in different ways for one target SUCCESS. magnetic sonority Imaging Overview and Applicationscharismatic Resonance Imaging Overview and ApplicationsHow does Magnetic Resonance imaging work and how can it influence the future?An Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging123Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as an accurate form of disease detection which is usually used to confirm a patients condition, as well as a method o f looking at trauma to the brain, examples of which could be bleeding and swelling. Alongside these uses MRI can be used to look at the soft tissues, as well as information on the structure of joints.Prior to the introduction, the only method for diagnosis for many of these problems were invasive methods such as surgery, and x-rays or CT-scans which were less accurate and ionizing, which could have a lasting effect upon the dust. The use of MRI scans is only a recent phenomenon, with the first take to on a person being produced as late as 1977, by Paul Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mans knit stitch who received a shared Nobel prize for their work on this matter. Both scientists were looking at how nuclear magnetic resonance imaging could be used to look at solids and liquids, and both formed the theory female genitalia it all, but it was Sir Peter Mans plain stitch who developed the method used in MRI by firstly solving how to ascertain a slice of a matter, and also how to produce di scovers from multiple-pulse experiments. Although the work on producing images for biological specimens only came about as a result of the fact that it would be too hard to produce images of a solid.How does Magnetic Resonance Imaging work45?Magnetic resonance imaging involves a series of steps which are all explained below, in order to produce the lowest image that is used for diagnostics.Nuclear SpinThe bodys mass is approximately 10% hydrogen, of which 70% is contained in water, and due to the fact that protons produce a large signal to a MRI scanner a more accurate image is produced, as they are in such large copiousness in the body in the water.The hydrogen nuclei in the body spin about an axis, this is illustrated in figure 1.1. As a result of the spinning protons being charged, the spinning of a nuclei along an axis causes a small circulating electric current, which in turn causes a small magnetic field.If a line of battle of these nuclei were to be placed in a stronger o utside magnetic field (B), most of the nuclei will align their spin in the same direction as the external field.As you can see from figure 1.2 not all of the hydrogen nuclei are aligned with the direction of the magnetic field, and this is because both alignments are possible, but the one with the field is a lower energy show, whilst the protons against the field are at a higher energy state. The protons are continually oscillating back and forth between the two states, because there is a tendency for nuclei in a high energy state to return to a lower energy state by emitting some of its energy to surrounding nuclei. There is usually enough thermal energy in the material for the nuclei to be flipped back.How do protons move about an axis?6Spinning protons when in the presence of an external magnetic field do not arrange themselves perfectly twin or anti-parallel to the magnetic field, as the nuclei always have equal but opposite magnetic charges they cancel out when there is no m agnetic field. The particles tend to precess about the magnetic field lines, and this is illustrated in figure 1.3.The nuclei complete a full rotation around the magnetic field in a period that is at one time proportional to the strength of the external magnetic field. As you can see from the figure 1.4 the period gets smaller for a larger magnetic field and thus the frequence of the antecedence increases. This frequency is fixed depending upon the strength of the magnetic field, and is called the Larmor frequency and the relationship between them is given by f = ()/ (2)Where is a constant called the gyromagnetic frequency, which varies for each type of particle. In MRI the Larmor frequency is about 50 MHz, which is in the radio frequency part of the magnetic frequency spectrum and the magnetic field has a magnitude of 1 or 2 Teslas.Why is the Larmor frequency is of that form?TheLarmor frequencyinMRI is the rate of precession of the magnetic moment of the proton around the exter nal magnetic field. The frequency of precession is related to the strength of the external magnetic field,B.TheLarmor precession of nuclei of a substance placed in a magnetic field B0 is calculated from Larmor Equation, the Larmor precession is measured in Radians seconds-1 = BWhere is a constant called the gyromagnetic frequency, which varies for each type of particle, but in the case of MRI is a constant as you are only affecting hydrogen nuclei. As the external magnetic field would be uniform and constant, to work out the Larmor frequency you need to divde the Larmor precession by 2f.The frequency is measured in Hertz which is s1 and as is measured in Radians seconds-1 so to work out the frequency needed you divide this by 2f which results in the Larmor frequency which is per second.The Net Magnetization VectorThe precession of the nuclei only has a small effect upon the total magnetic field, which is only a small increase in magnetic field along the external field axis.This is because there are slightly more nuclei in parallel to the external magnetic field, than nuclei which are anti parallel to the external magnetic field. Although all of the nuclei in the material will be precessing at the Larmor frequency, they all may not be in variety. So the tranverse waves created by the nuclei get cancelled out which means that there will only be a small increase in field strength in the direction of the external field as not all of the nuclei parallel to the external field will get cancelled out.Why do we need superconducting magnets to make the protons resonate?Superconducting magnets are used in magnetic resonance imaging of the human body because magnetic resonance imaging requires extremely uniform fields across the subject and extreme stability over time. By having the magnet coils in the superconducting state helps to achieve parts-per-million spacial uniformity over a space large enough to hold a person, and parts per million hour-1 stability with time. This is the reason for using superconducting magnets alongside the fact that they are able to produce a magnetic field of a magnituted of 1 or 2 Teslas.How to make the protons resonate?In order to produce a magnetic resonance image we need to make the protons precess about the external field lines in phase with each other which will produce a small net transverse field which rotates about the axis of the external field at the Larmor frequency. This is the magnetic field that can be detected and in turn produce a magnetic resonance image.These three stages are all depend upon the nuclei precessing in phase with each other, this is done by making them absorb radio-frequency radiation of the same frequency of the Larmor frequency. The absorbtion of the energy causes low-energy state protons to flip into the high-energy state, which means that the protons are anti-parallel to the external field lines and also precessing in phase with the applied signal, which in turn mean that they ar e in phase with each other. The number of protons that flip depends upon the age of the radio frequency pulse, which is applied.How a magnetic resonance image is producedIn order for a magnetic resonance image to be produced, you need to be able to locate the part of the body that has an ailment, in order to do this three smaller non uniform magnetic fields are added to the constant field. If you look at figure 1.5 you are able to see how these magnetic fields are applied, with one running the length of the patients body, this is the z-axis and this is used to define slices through the body. The body in this diagram is the sample, with the other magnetic fields being applied in the x-axis and y-axis, within the plane of a slice.The magnetic field strength at any point is the sum of the four fields that sets a unique larmour frequency and phase at each point in the body.To actually produce an image a pulse of electromagnetic radiation is sent through the body at a set radio frequenc y. The protons with a Larmor frequency will absorb energy from the pulse and flip into the higher energy state. As a result a transverse field, which is rotating at the Larmor frequency, is produced for the specific part of the body. As a result of Flemings Left hand rule, the rotating magnetic field that is actually an alternating field induces an electric current in the detector. The image is gradually formed by sending a sequence of radio-frequency pulses through the body at different frequencies to pick out the Larmor frequencies at different locations. The signals produced and the eternal sleep time involved are processed by computer to assemble the image.How is a clear image is produced on the scan?The residual time is the time taken for the protons to fall back down to their lower energy state after the radio-frequency pulse is turned off. The protons fall into their lower energy state by passing their energy on into neighboring atoms. The relaxation time is measured by the change in the intensity of the signal induced in the detector. The relaxation time is used to show the contrast in tissue within an image, with the relaxation time dependent upon the nature of atoms close to the stimulated protons. Thus a clear image of the tissue can be seen.The safety of magnetic resonance imaging scanningMRI is regarded as one of the safest ways of collateral a diagnosis, although there are some exceptions where a patient has form of metal in their body, which interferes with the powerful superconducting magnets, which allows a magnetic resonance image to be produced. An example of something, which could cause a magnetic resonance image to not work, is tattoos that have metal fragments in the ink that is used to form the image. The metal is dangerous because metal objects can be forcefully drawn to the magnet if these metal objects are embedded in your body, they can be drawn to the magnet and cause damage.The magnetic resonance image can also be dangerous for pregnant ladies.Using magnetic resonance imaging to detect cancer in the bodyA future use of MRI is to detect cancer cancer cells need far more energy than most other types of tissues in the body, so a new technique has just been developed where a patient suspected of having cancer is injected with glucose. This results in a differing brightness on the image produced with the tumor appearing far brighter. Although this is currently only a concept that is still some way from being used on the general public, and this is in part due to the fact that the magnetic field strength used to produce these results is far higher than being used currently and we would need to see if the same results would be produced at a lower field strength.ConclusionIn conclusion by taking the simple model already in place MRI has a bright future in diagnosis and detection of diseases, with MRI being the safest form of diagnosis for soft tissue as a result of its non-ionizing nature and clear results that it produces. The future for MRI will become brighter as the cost of using it falls over time, so that it will be more freely available and thus use for mass cancer detection could occur for example.MRI has already had a major match on practices undertaken by doctors in assessing a patients needs, and the use of MRI stands to continue these changes further as more uses are developed.BibliographyIntroduction to MRIhttp//www.vistadiagnostics.co.uk/mri_explained.htmhttp//www.teslasociety.com/mri.htmhttp//www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/mansfield-bio.htmlHow does Magnetic Resonance imaging work?http//science.howstuffworks.com/mri.htmhttp//www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/java/mri/http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121941/Page 504-505 Advancing physical science By Steve Adams and Jonathon AlldayThe larmor Frequencyhttp//radiopaedia.org/articles/larmor-frequencyThe safety of MRI scanninghttp//pain.about.com/od/testingdiagnosis/p/having_an_MRI.htmUsing MRI to detect cancer in the bodyhttp//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146309.phpAre there any modern alternatives to this technology?http//www.medicinenet.com/mri_scan/page3.htmhttp//www.nhs.uk/news/2013/07July/Pages/Could-new-tests-use-sugar-to-help-detect-cancer.aspxGihan Fernando11 http//www.medicinenet.com/mri_scan/article.htm2 http//www.teslasociety.com/mri.htm3 http//www.vistadiagnostics.co.uk/mri_explained.htm4 Advanced Physics by Steve Adams and Jonathon Allday- Page 504, Magnetic Resonance Imaging5 http//www.simplyphysics.com/page2_1.html6 http//radiopaedia.org/articles/net-magnitisation-vector